A team approach to recognising the signs and symptoms of Oral Cancer
More than 11,000 people are diagnosed with oral cancer in the UK each year, and these numbers are growing. In England, new cases have increased by 119% over the past 20 years.
Oral cancer is a serious condition that can affect various parts of the mouth, including the lips, tongue, gums, cheeks, floor of the mouth and palate. Early diagnosis is essential because it can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates. Dental professionals play an important role in recognising the early signs and symptoms of oral cancer, and Dental Nurses are a valuable part of this process.
Although Dental Nurses do not independently diagnose oral cancer, they contribute significantly to its early detection by supporting the Dentist, identifying potential warning signs, communicating with patients and helping to ensure that suspicious lesions are investigated promptly. Through their clinical knowledge, observational skills and patient-centred approach, Dental Nurses can help improve the chances of early diagnosis.
Dental Nurses regularly work alongside Dentists during intra-oral and extra-oral examinations and may assist by preparing instruments, maintaining good visibility of the oral cavity and providing appropriate moisture control. This allows the Dentist to carry out a thorough examination of the soft tissues of the mouth, head and neck.
Dental Nurses should understand the common warning signs of oral cancer, including:
- Mouth ulcers that do not heal within three weeks.
- Red or white patches in the mouth (erythroplakia or leukoplakia).
- Unexplained lumps or swellings in the mouth, lips or neck.
- Persistent pain or discomfort in the mouth.
- Difficulty swallowing or speaking.
- Unexplained numbness in the mouth or lips.
- Persistent hoarseness or changes in the voice.
By understanding these symptoms, Dental Nurses can remain alert to abnormalities and bring any concerns to the attention of the Dentist. Although the Dentist is responsible for assessing and diagnosing suspicious lesions, the Dental Nurse’s observations can help ensure that potential problems are not overlooked.
Dental Nurses also contribute by helping to obtain and update patients’ medical, dental and social histories. This information is important because certain lifestyle choices and medical factors can increase the risk of developing oral cancer.
Some recognised risk factors include:
- Smoking and the use of tobacco products.
- Excessive alcohol consumption.
- Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Exposure to ultraviolet radiation, particularly in relation to lip cancer.
- Previous history of oral cancer or potentially malignant oral conditions.
In the event of a suspicious lesion requiring further assessment by an oral cancer specialist, the Dental Nurse may support the Dentist with an urgent referral via the two-week suspected cancer pathway and help monitor the progress of the referral and any subsequent correspondence.
Patient education and raising awareness are key to the early detection of oral cancer, and the dental team has frequent opportunities to educate patients about the condition. This may include highlighting the importance of:
- Attending regular dental check-ups.
- Carrying out routine self-checks and seeking advice about any changes.
- Stopping smoking.
- Reducing alcohol consumption.
- Protecting the lips from excessive sun exposure.
Supporting and promoting oral cancer awareness campaigns is another effective way to educate patients and encourage early detection. Many Dental Nurses and wider dental teams actively support these initiatives both within practice and online.
Each November, Mouth Cancer Action Month campaigns for better awareness of oral cancer across the UK and is run by the Oral Health Foundation in partnership with the Mouth Cancer Foundation.
This year, the Oral Health Foundation is encouraging people to check their mouths regularly for early signs of cancer and seek professional advice if they notice any changes. The campaign’s powerful message is:
“Change is Your Sign. Remove the doubt, get checked out.”
Working together to improve early detection
The early identification of oral cancer relies on a vigilant and proactive dental team. While Dentists are responsible for diagnosis, Dental Nurses play a vital supporting role by assisting with examinations, identifying potential concerns, educating patients and helping to ensure urgent referrals are managed efficiently. Through effective teamwork, good communication and ongoing professional development, the dental team can help improve patient outcomes and potentially save lives through earlier detection.
For those wishing to enhance their knowledge and understanding of oral cancer, the CPD Hub offers valuable learning opportunities, including:
- Oral Cancer and Smoking Cessation
- Module 2: Your Role in Early Detection and Prevention
- Module 4: Oral Cancer Awareness
For individuals considering a rewarding career in dentistry, or dental practices looking to grow their workforce, a Dental Nurse Apprenticeship provides an excellent route into the profession. Apprentices develop the clinical knowledge, practical skills and professional behaviours needed to support patients and the wider dental team, including understanding the importance of oral health promotion, disease prevention and early identification of potential concerns.
Interested in becoming a Dental Nurse?
Learn more about our Dental Nurse Apprenticeship here.
Looking to hire a Dental Nurse apprentice? Discover how an apprentice can help you build a skilled and knowledgeable workforce while supporting the future of dental care here.
Whether you are developing your own career in dentistry or investing in the next generation of talent for your practice, Dental Nurse apprenticeships play an important role in strengthening the profession and supporting high-quality patient care. By working together to raise awareness of oral cancer and promote early detection, we can help improve outcomes for patients across the UK.